Dual roles in information mediation at work: Analysis of advice‐receiving and advice‐providing diary surveys

In everyday work, people often turn to their colleagues for information. Those colleagues play the role of information mediators by intervening in the information seeking and use of others. This study investigates how people initiate the information mediation process, how they influence one another's subsequent information behavior, and how they benefit from the process, from the perspectives of both the information seeker and the information mediator. To examine the dynamics of the information mediation process, an online diary survey was conducted in a real‐world workplace setting, followed by in‐depth interviews. This paper reports on a preliminary analysis of 450 diary entries in which participants reported the work tasks that required advice from colleagues as well as the extent of the advice provided. Analysis of the diary data revealed the types of tasks, types of advice, and relationship between task and advice types. The results suggest that people perceive tasks differently depending on whether they play the role of information seeker or information mediator, while their perception of advice seems to be independent of their role in the information mediation process. These typologies serve as a basis for further analyzing reciprocal influences between information seekers and mediators.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96434/1/14504901263_ftp.pd

COMPUTER-AIDED TRAUMA DECISION MAKING USING MACHINE LEARNING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

Over the last 20 years, much work has focused on computer-aided clinical decision support systems due to a rapid increase in the need for management and processing of medical knowledge. Among all fields of medicine, trauma care has the highest need for proper information management due to the high prevalence of complex, life-threatening injuries. In particular, hemorrhage, which is encountered in most traumatic injuries, is a dominant factor in determining survival in both civilian and military settings. This complication can be better managed using a more in-depth analysis of patient information. Trauma physicians must make precise and rapid decisions, while considering a large number of patient variables and dealing with stressful environments. The ability of a computer-aided decision making system to rapidly analyze a patient’s condition can enable physicians to make more accurate decisions and thereby significantly improve the quality of care provided to patients. The first part of this study is focused on classification of highly complex databases using a hierarchical method which combines two complementary techniques: logistic regression and machine learning. This method, hereafter referred to as Classification Using Significant Features (CUSF), includes a statistical process to select the most significant variables from the correlated database. Then a machine learning algorithm is used to identify the data into classes using only the significant variables. As the main application addressed by CUSF, a set of computer-assisted rule-based trauma decision making system are designed. Computer aided decision-making system not only provides vital assistance for physicians in making fast and accurate decisions, proposed decisions are supported by transparent reasoning, but also can confirm a physicians’ current knowledge, enabling them to detect complex patterns and information which may reveal new knowledge not easily visible to the human eyes. The second part of this study proposes an algorithm based on a set of novel wavelet features to analyze physiological signals, such as Electrocardiograms (ECGs) that can provide invaluable information typically invisible to human eyes. These wavelet-based method, hereafter referred to as Signal Analysis Based on Wavelet-Extracted Features (SABWEF), extracts information that can be used to detect and analyze complex patterns that other methods such as Fourier cannot deal with. For instance, SABWEF can evaluate the severity of hemorrhagic shock (HS) from ECG, while the traditional technique of applying power spectrum density (PSD) and fractal dimension (FD) cannot distinguish between the ECG patterns of patients with HS (i.e. blood loss), and those of subjects undergoing physical activity. In this study, as the main application of SABWEF, ECG is analyzed to distinguish between HS and physical activity, and show that SABWEF can be used in both civilian and military settings to detect HS and its extent. This is the first reported use of an ECG analysis method to classify blood volume loss. SABWEF has the capability to rapidly determine the degree of volume loss from hemorrhage, providing the chance for more rapid remote triage and decision making

Brain mapping and detection of functional patterns in fMRI using wavelet transform; application in detection of dyslexia

Background Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has been proven to be useful for studying brain functions. However, due to the existence of noise and distortion, mapping between the fMRI signal and the actual neural activity is difficult. Because of the difficulty, differential pattern analysis of fMRI brain images for healthy and diseased cases is regarded as an important research topic. From fMRI scans, increased blood ows can be identified as activated brain regions. Also, based on the multi-sliced images of the volume data, fMRI provides the functional information for detecting and analyzing different parts of the brain. Methods In this paper, the capability of a hierarchical method that performed an optimization algorithm based on modified maximum model (MCM) in our previous study is evaluated. The optimization algorithm is designed by adopting modified maximum correlation model (MCM) to detect active regions that contain significant responses. Specifically, in the study, the optimization algorithm is examined based on two groups of datasets, dyslexia and healthy subjects to verify the ability of the algorithm that enhances the quality of signal activities in the interested regions of the brain. After verifying the algorithm, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied to identify the difference between healthy and dyslexia subjects. Results We successfully showed that our optimization algorithm improves the fMRI signal activity for both healthy and dyslexia subjects. In addition, we found that DWT based features can identify the difference between healthy and dyslexia subjects. Conclusion The results of this study provide insights of associations of functional abnormalities in dyslexic subjects that may be helpful for neurobiological identification from healthy subject

Computer Aided Traumatic Pelvic Injury Decision-making

Traumatic pelvic injury is one of the most dangerous injuries because it is often associated with severe hemorrhage as well as serious complications. It is therefore vital to provide immediate medical treatment to increase the survival rate of pelvic injury patients. However, it is often difficult to make treatment decisions, as cases are complex and display similar patterns. It has been suggested that the use of computer aided decision-making in a trauma support system is the most efficient way to reduce the cost of trauma care. In our previous work, we found that creating rules using all available variables results in lower accuracy than when using only significant variables. This is because less relevant attributes and/or less reliable attributes with regards to the means of measurement can result in random correlation that is clinically meaningless. Based on this knowledge, we designed an efficient computer assisted trauma decision making system for traumatic pelvic injuries using a machine learning algor thm. More specifically, a rule-based system was designed to create a reliable method of making predictions/recommendations on the status and exact outcome – i.e. home or rehabilitation - of pelvic trauma patients using a nonlinear regression and classification (CART) method. The resulting computer aided system can aid physicians in making rapid and accurate decisions. Three machine learning algorithms were compared to evaluate the proposed method

A dyadic approach to information mediation at work: Examining credibility and value perceptions.

In daily interaction, workers play the dual role of information seekers and mediators by receiving or providing advice on how to find and use information. Using an online diary method, this study examines the dynamic and interactive process of information mediation focusing on (1) what factors influence how workers perceive the credibility of advice, (2) what factors influence how they perceive the value of the information mediation process, and (3) how their credibility perception impacts the value perception, depending on whether they receive or provide advice. The results show that, when receiving advice, credibility and value perceptions were almost exclusively influenced by the nature of the task for which the advice was needed. When providing advice, those perceptions were affected by more diverse factors including advice type and tenure. Furthermore, the relationship between credibility and value perceptions showed a marked difference depending on whether a person received or provided advice.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106412/1/Yang_Rieh_iConference2013.pd

Intelligent CCTV Surveillance Based on Sound Recognition and Sound Localization

CCTV is used for many purposes, especially for surveillance and fortraffic condition monitoring. This paper proposesan intelligent CCTV system that tracks sound events based on sound recognition and sound localization. From the experimental results, it is evident that the proposed method can be successfully used for the intelligent CCTV system of CCTV

A diary study of credibility assessment in everyday life information activities on the web: Preliminary findings

This study investigates how people's credibility assessment processes have evolved as they engage in increasingly diverse types of online activities beyond seeking for information or reading online news. Using an online activity diary method, information on people's online activities and their associated credibility assessment processes were collected at multiple points throughout the day for three days. This paper reports on a preliminary analysis of 2,471 diary entries received from 333 respondents. Content analysis was applied to people's descriptions of their online activities, yielding 17 different types of information objects and 26 categories of online content. People's credibility judgments were examined on three levels: construct, heuristics, and interaction. The results, although preliminary, indicate that distinct credibility assessment heuristics are in fact emerging as people engage in online activities involving more user-generated and multimedia content. The unique contribution of this paper is its identification of the importance of taking a heuristic approach to credibility assessment by studying a large sample of heavy Internet users within the context of the everyday life information activities they conduct online.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83172/1/14504701182_ftp.pd

How content contributors assess and establish credibility on the web

The proliferation of user‐generated content (UGC) is one of the distinguishing characteristics of Web 2.0. Internet users contribute content online through platforms such as blogs, wikis, video sharing sites, and sites that allow user feedback. Yet little is known of the credibility practices of these content contributors. Through phone interviews conducted with 29 online content contributors, this study investigates how content contributors assess credibility when gathering information for their online content creation and mediation activities, as well as the strategies they use to establish the credibility of the content they create. These contributors reported that they engaged in content creation activities such as posting or commenting on blogs or online forums, rating or voting on online content, and uploading photos, music, or video. We found that credibility judgments made when gathering information for online content creation and mediation activities could be grouped into three levels: intuitive, heuristic, and strategy‐based. We identified three distinctive ways of establishing credibility that are applied during different phases of content contribution: ensuring credibility during the content creation phase; signaling credibility during the content presentation phase; and reinforcing credibility during the post‐production phase. We also discovered that content contributors tend to carry over the strategies they used for assessing credibility during information gathering to their strategies for establishing the credibility of their own content. Theoretical implications for credibility research and practical implications for developing information literacy programs are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90253/1/14504801163_ftp.pd

The Utilization of Traditional Herbal Medicine for Treatment in Traditional Korean Medicine Clinics

A cross-sectional study has been conducted to detect the facts about the use of traditional herbal medicines (THMs) in South Korea. The questionnaire has been adopted from the 2017 National Survey for the usage of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and consumption of THMs. A total number of 1346 participants have been involved in this study. Results showed that the non-decoction types of herbal medicines, which are mostly used for therapeutic purposes (89.0%), and the decoction types of herbal medicines were not only used for the purpose of treatment of diseases (62.5%) but also health improvement purposes (21.9%). Results presented that decoction types of THMs are used for musculoskeletal diseases (56.0%), digestive diseases (21.3%), and respiratory diseases (6.3%), whereas the non-decoction types of THMs are commonly used in musculoskeletal diseases (55.6%), respiratory diseases (20.5%), and digestive diseases (18.1%). Future studies are highly recommended to detect more details about the medical use of THMs in South Korea

An online activity diary method for studying credibility assessment on the Web

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78324/1/1450460388_ftp.pd